SmPC

Summary of Product Characteristics. A monograph produced during the drug approval process that summarises key information about a drug including indications/contraindications, formulation(s), PKPD, interactions, adverse reactions, storage and use in special...

cyclodextrin

Cyclodextrins are a family of ring-shaped glucose polymer that are used as an excipient in some drug formulations to improve solubility and stability, for example in liquid itraconazole. Generally safe but may cause osmotic diarrhoea at higher doses (find out more at...

PPIs

Proton pump inhibitors (e.g. lansoprazole, omeprazole). Used to reduce stomach acid secretion in patients with peptic ulcers or acid reflux, especially in older adults. Find out more at...

qPCR

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. A molecular laboratory test that measures the quantity of a particular target DNA sequence, defined by a pair of ‘primers’ (short DNA tags). During the PCR run, the number of copies of the target DNA doubles in each...

ITS

Internal Transcribed Spacer A  small (~550bp) stretch of DNA separating the genes encoding the large and small subunits of ribosomal RNA. It is sometimes described as the ‘universal DNA barcode’ because it is present in all bacteria, archaea, plants, fungi...